COURAGE

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The Vilnius University Party Organisation was reestablished in May 1945, just after the Second World War. At that time, the Party Organisation had only four members. In 1947, the Party Organisation had 75 Party members. The main aim of the Party Organisation and its committee was to implement Party policy in the educational process. The Party Organisation and its committee took care of the 'ideological-political' education of students and professors, promoting Marxist-Leninist teachings and fighting 'bourgeois-nationalist' ideology. In 1958 and 1959, the Party Committee criticised the rector of the university Juozas Bulavas and teachers in the Department of Lithuanian Literature for 'bourgeois nationalism'. Bulavas and four lecturers from the Department of Lithuanian Literature were dismissed.

Pursuant to a decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Croatia, in June 1940 the newspaper Politick vjesnik, later Vjesnik JNOF, was established. In the period 1940-1941, the newspaper's office and printer were in Zagreb, and in the period 1942-1945, printing was organized at several locations, mostly in Lika. After 1943, the newspaper's office was in Otočac, as part of the Propaganda Department of the Steering Committee of the Territorial Anti-fascist Council for the People’s Liberation of Croatia (ZAVNOH), and in September 1944, Vjesnik's office was founded as a special organizational unit of the Information Department of ZAVNOH. In May 1945, Vjesnik returned to Zagreb. In July 1946, the newspaper publishing company Narodna štampa was established. Its founders were Vjesnik, Narodni list, Naprijed, Kerempuh, Ilustrirani vjesnik, Omladinski borac, Studentski list, Narodni sport, Srpska riječ, Srednjoškolac and Problem, whose offices were independent units of the company. In 1952, when Narodni list, Naprijed, Omladinska štampa and Sportska štampa separated and established independent companies, the company changed its name to Vjesnik Narodnog fronta Hrvatske (‘Herald of the People's Front of Croatia’), a newspaper and printing enterprise. In July 1959, the Vjesnik newspaper-publishing and printing company was established by merging the existing company with the newspaper publishing company Narodni list, Seljačka tiskara and Grafički nakladni zavod Tipografija. In 1972, the company was reorganized into the Novine complex associated labour organization, a publishing, printing and sales labour organization, which consisted of eight basic associated labour organizations. At the beginning of 1990, the Socialist Alliance of Working People of Croatia ceased to be the owner of the company, the newspaper Vjesnik ceased to be its political bulletin, and the Council and General Meeting were dissolved. Vjesnik was split into several companies. In 1999, Vjesnik and Hrvatska tiskara (the Croatian national printer) merged into the single distribution business Vjesnik Ltd.